不同灌水量对温室甜瓜生长和生理特性的影响

以"一品天下208" 甜瓜为试验品种,在日光温室内进行了灌溉试验,采用20蒸发皿的日水面蒸发量为灌溉水量控制指标,设置了不同蒸发量系数(K_p=0.45;0.6;0.75;0.9)的供水处理,探求不同灌溉水量对温室甜瓜生理指标、形态指标和光合生理指标的影响.结果表明:温室内外温度的变化趋势基本相似,温室内的温度能够满足甜瓜的正常生长.不同处理的灌溉水量比值始终为T1:T2:T3:T4=0.45:0.6:0.75:0.9;从甜瓜的株高、茎粗、总生物量、根冠比等指标综合分析,采用T2(K_p=0.6)处理均优于其它水分处理,且根冠比也处于一个较高的水平;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量均以T2处理最高;各处理的细胞液浓度的变化呈单峰曲线,不同处理的叶片细胞液浓度表现为T1>T2>T3>T4处理.结果表明:采用T2处理的灌溉模式有利于甜瓜在获得较高产量的前提下降低灌溉用水量.     

鲤脑组织cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

用Gubler—Hoffman法构建了耐低温鲤Cyprinuscarpio脑组织全长cDNA文库,经测定库容量为5．7×10^5cfu／mL,文库的重组率接近95％,平均插入片段长度为1500bp,符合文库保存和筛选实验的要求。同时,根据鲤与低温相关的消减eDNA文库中低温下特异表达基因的片段序列,设计了PCR引物,并在此eDNA文库中进行PCR检测和序列测定。使用BLAST软件将测序的10个cDNA序列同GenBank等数据库进行比对,结果显示,8个阳性克隆有相关同源性,2个克隆为功能未知的基因,全长率接近75％。     

不同种植点塔拉种子形态和苗期性状差异分析

通过对7个采自不同地区的塔拉种群单株的种子外观形态和苗期性状进行分析,结果表明:不同产地和类型之间的塔拉种子形态和苗期性状差异明显,并且存在一定的相关性.进而也说明,可以根据不同的利用目的选择相关的类型进行选育,为塔拉下一步的良种选育和实际生产应用提供理论参考.     

云南怒江普通菜豆地方种质资源遗传多样性研究

利用从云南怒江地区收集的18份地方品种普通菜豆种质资源和从昆明收集的2份栽培品种,对20份材料采用形态学观察和RAPD分析,研究了云南怒江地区普通菜豆地方品种种质资源的遗传多样性和种内亲缘关系及其一些农艺性状,为普通菜豆种质资源优良基因发掘和优良品种选育提供科学依据。     

Identification of QTL for Popping Characteristics Using a BC2F2 Population and Comparison with Its F2：3 Population in Popcorn

Normal corn germplasm can be used to improve popcorn （Zea mays L.） through 1-2 backcrosses with popcorn as recurrent parents. Popping characteristics of derived lines from popcorn × dent or flint corn crosses play a determinant role in popcorn breeding. Advanced backcross QTL methods can effectively combine QTL identification and plant breeding. 220 selected BC2F2 families developed from a cross between Dan 232, a dent corn inbred line, and N04, an elite popcorn inbred line, were evaluated for three popping characteristics, popping volume, flake size, and popping rate, under two environmental conditions. Using composite interval mapping, a total of 10 significant QTLs were detected, and of these, 2 to 4 QTLs were identified for each trait. Six QTLs had favorable alleles contributed by Dan 232. Comparison with the 15 QTLs detected in the F2：3 families showed that 3 QTLs were the same in both populations. The QTLs should be redetected in generations developed through severe selection. Improved N04 and near isogenic lines could be developed from this BC2F2 population through selfing or another 1 to 2 backcrosses with N04.     

专用叶面肥对黄瓜产量和经济性状的影响

【目的】明确自行研制的专用叶面肥对提高黄瓜产量和改善黄瓜经济性状的作用效果。【方法】在设施大棚条件下,设置喷清水(CK)、喷施稀释叶面肥500倍(处理Ⅰ)和1 000(处理Ⅱ)倍液3个处理,于开花期喷施2次,每次喷施清水和叶面肥稀释液750 kg/hm2,通过田间试验测定和比较各处理的黄瓜产量和有关经济性状指标。【结果】与对照相比,开花期喷施该专用叶面肥500倍和1 000倍液,可使瓜长、瓜直径、单瓜质量分别增加9.4%和0.4%,27.3%和17.6,10.33%和5.4%;喷施叶肥可以减少瓜条的变曲及弯曲程度,端直瓜比例分别提高13%和73%;瓜数分别增加57.1%和28.6%,产量(两个试验的平均值)分别提高61.0%和24.9%。喷施叶面肥处理具有显著的增产效果,同时也有效改善了黄瓜的经济性状,从而提高了黄瓜的商品品质。【结论】对不同处理的产量和成本等因素进行综合考虑,以喷施稀释500倍专用叶面肥的增产增收效果最为显著。     

典范性状对的决策分析

【目的】对典范性状对进行决策分析,为多数量性状的选择提供一种简便的方法。【方法】运用通径分析的决策分析方法对典范组合性状对进行决策分析。【结果】建立了典范性状对的通径分析模型;分析得到典范性状对可以用以供选择的各性状xi(i=1,2,…,m)为因,典范目标性状Hig为果的中心线性回归模型表述;定义了各选择性状对典范目标性状的决策系数,各决策系数代表了各选择性状对典范目标性状的综合效用。【结论】通过各性状决策系数的确定,选择组合性状中的主载性状、限制性状和辅助性状,育种者就可根据个体的性状表现来选择,以达到对典范目标性状所期望的遗传进展。     

2个甘蓝亲本的筛选利用及其F1目标性状鉴定

【目的】筛选出优质、抗病、经济性状优良、配合力高的甘蓝自交不亲和系,培育中早熟新品种,并对其抗病性、品质和丰产性进行鉴定。【方法】创制出优良育种群体材料,通过多代自交纯合获得的主要性状遗传稳定后,选用不同致病力的芜青花叶病毒(TuMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)毒原和黑腐病(Br)菌原,利用甘蓝抗病性和品质鉴定方法,筛选育成抗病、优质的GB9266-18136和JY0501-13431两个优良自交系,并配制成优良F1品种‘秦甘60’;以‘黑丰’和‘中甘八号’为对照,对‘秦甘60’的目标性状进行比较鉴定。【结果】‘秦甘60’品种对TuMV、Br和CMV病害抗病性强,苗期接种TuMV、CMV毒原和Br菌原的病情指数平均为2.0,1.1和5.4,田间鉴定病情指数病毒病为1.3,黑腐病为3.7;叶球中心柱长6.6 cm,帮叶比26.5%,紧实度0.57 g/cm3,叶质脆甜,产量平均为73.005 3 t/hm2。【结论】优良F1‘秦甘60’品种双亲自交不亲和系育种目标性状互补,一代杂种表现出抗病、优质、丰产的综合优良特性。     

小麦粒长和粒宽的QTL定位分析

【目的】粒长、粒宽是小麦种子重要的形态性状,该性状对籽粒的外观商品品质、产量及磨粉品质均至关重要,研究不同环境条件下小麦粒长、粒宽的单个标记和复合区间作图的QTL定位,对小麦粒长、粒宽的分子标记辅助选择具有重要参考作用。【方法】应用一个由115个系组成的W7984/Opata 85重组自交系(RIL)群体,建立了由394个DNA分子标记组成的遗传连锁图,在2种不同环境条件下对小麦粒长、粒宽进行了单个标记的回归分析和复合区间作图的QTL定位。【结果】在单个标记的回归分析中检测到5个粒长的QTLs、3个粒宽的QTLs;复合区间作图分析结果表明,控制粒长的QTLs分别位于5BL和7DS上,在5BL上的贡献率为20.20%~20.81%,LOD值为4.50~4.55;在7DS上的贡献率为13.54%~13.91%,LOD值为2.94~3.20。控制粒宽的QTL位于2B上,贡献率为13.71%~19.30%,LOD值为2.98~4.18。【结论】位于5B和7D上的控制粒长的QTL和位于2B上的控制粒宽的QTL在2种条件下均能检测到。     

Morphological development and nutritive value of herbage in five temperate grass species during primary growth: analysis of time dynamics

In a 2‐year field experiment, morphological development and measures of the nutritive value of herbage for livestock during primary growth in Meadow foxtail, Tall oatgrass, Cocksfoot, Perennial ryegrass and Yorkshire fog were investigated. All measured variables were affected significantly by both species and sampling date, and their interaction (P < 0·001), in the period of primary growth. Changes with time in mean stage weight for Meadow foxtail and Cocksfoot were different from the other species due to their indeterminate growth habits. Mean stage weight of Tall oatgrass and Yorkshire fog increased more rapidly than that of Perennial ryegrass with time. Changes in mean stage weight with time were described by linear, parabolic and sigmoid relationships. Crude protein (CP) concentration of herbage was higher for Cocksfoot and Meadow foxtail than for Perennial ryegrass. A parabolic relationship of CP concentration with time was typical for all the species. Concentrations of neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF) and acid‐detergent fibre (ADF) in herbage of the species differed most during the mid‐period of primary growth. Their increases with time showed curvilinear (sigmoid and parabolic) relationships. Perennial ryegrass had lower concentrations of both NDF and ADF in herbage than the other species. Differences between the in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility among the grasses increased in mid‐ and late periods of primary growth. Perennial ryegrass had higher values for in vitro DM digestibility but the difference from other species was small in the early period of primary growth and from cocksfoot in the late period of primary growth. In vitro DM digestibility showed, in most cases, a sigmoid and, in others, a linear decrease with time. Principal component analysis showed that perennial ryegrass and meadow foxtail were the most distinctive of the species in characteristics relating to morphological development and the nutritive value of herbage to livestock.